delegate theory of representation
The people entrust the person they choose with the duty of making significant decisions on their behalf. in the United States. This is the most influential theory of representation in modern politics. For further information, contact William D. Morgan, Executive False. This has meant that instead of constituents voting based on the attributes of the individual that could potentially be representing them, they vote based on their party affiliations. Delegate An official who is expected to represent the views of his or her constituents even when personally holding different views; one interpretation of the role of legislator. Representation is important in democracy as it serves to ensure the needs and the voices of the public are heard. So-called Theory X, Y . Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. However, Boris Johnson himself, despite being a member and the leader of the Conservative Party, did not support the HS2. A delegate is a person selected to represent a group of people in some political assembly of the United States. 2 - A representative being pulled in many directions, Philosophy of the Declaration of Independence, Slavery and the Constitutional Convention. [2] [3] 2 What is the delegate model of representation quizlet? What is the Burkean theory of representation? However, unlike Maslow, Herzberg does not think that the maintenance, or hygiene factors, cause certain patterns of behavior in the employees; it will only prevent them from feeling dissatisfied; meanwhile, in order to get people motivated, a good manager has to use motivational factors, or the higher level needs of Maslow's pyramid. This model was contested by Edmund Burke (17291797), an Irish philosopher, who supported the alternative trustee model of representation. How effective has parliamentary scrutiny been during the COVID-19 crisis? What is the delegate model of representation quizlet? The Main Characteristics of US federalism, Dissenting Opinions are letters to the future, The powers and organisation of the Executive, The powers of the Lords and Commons compared, The principles of the US Constitution - their effectiveness today, The protection of Civil Liberties and Rights in the USA today. The theory of delegate representation assumes the politician is in office to be the voice of the people. In the United States Congress delegates are elected to represent the interests of a United States territory and its citizens or nationals. 253 0 obj <> endobj This article about political philosophy or theory is a stub. Needs-Goal Theory: Motivation begins with an individual feeling a need. Identify your study strength and weaknesses. To delegate is defined as to assign a task to someone else or to give authority to someone else. There are several models of representation used in democratic countries. Furthermore, the delegation process requires the person to be able to think the task over and reformat it as he thinks appropriate without actually changing the job content. In other words, the demand for a workforce had been lower than the supply of people willing to find jobs. For example, in a delegate model, if the delegate's constituents want to implement a policy that mandates all houses in their town be painted brown, the delegate must honour this position, regardless of whether the delegate thinks this is a bad idea and would make a formerly picturesque town unsightly and risk lose its appeal to tourists. In this model, constituents elect their representatives as delegates for their constituency. We argue that constituency representation is best conceptualized as taking a nonlinear rather than a linear form, especially when legislative roll-call behavior is influenced by constituency opinion. Representative democracies are democracies in which individuals (voters) elect an official to represent and act on behalf of their concerns and interests. Although the usual understanding of the word stimulus considers it to be a rewarding mechanism, the initial meaning of the word can be interpreted as either an incentive or a reason for a person's activities. Are US Interest Groups good for democracy? The Politics Shed- A Free Text Book for all students of Politics. Why SJF Cannot be implemented practically? xb```,@(d*eujMlL?YDY70d=cUN.L\r!b@d Companies set policies to try to hide the salary levels of different employees in the company. Different needs show themselves differently in relation to various situational factors, content of work, status in the organization, age, etc. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. He looks at the issue within the most commonly used definition of representation, meaning to: re- present something which already holds meaning. For example, based on their model, Porter and Lawler pointed out that an increase in salary leads to increased productivity only in a case where people find salary to be important; they also see a clear relationship between increased performance and productivity and increased salary. journal = "American Journal of Political Science", University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Home. 0000041208 00000 n Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. 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Since 1979, the average age of MPs has remained around 50 years. From their draft constitution we, In this second edition to a book that has now achieved canonical status, David R. Mayhew argues that the principal motivation of legislators is reelection and that the pursuit of this goal affects, The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of the University of Iowa Computer Center and Laboratory for Political Research. So-called Theory X, Y, and Z is looked upon as a good and simple example of one of the initial theories of motivation. We show that this form of representation does take place on salient issues when the theory's two fundamental conditions are fulfilled simultaneously. 0 Constituents entrust the trustee with the power to make decisions that are for their benefit and view trustees as having the expertise to do so. First, legislators must think of themselves as delegates. By motive we normally mean the factor that causes a person to undertake certain activities, as well as her internal and external driving force. The absence of either or both conditions seriously disrupts dele- gated representation. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. If the value of any of the three factors Vroom considers critically important for reaching motivation is low, the overall motivation will be weak and the productivity of work will be insufficient. In California that is per stirpes. We show that this form of representation does take place on salient issues when the theorys two fundamental conditions are fulfilled simultaneously. Examples of delegation include sales representatives and ambassadors, but the notion of delegation has rarely been applied to MPs. Disadvantages. It is a model of representative. What is the difference between delegate representation and trustee representation? According to this theory, a person is the most important part of any enterprise and therefore the attention of the enterprise should be focused on the employee and provide him or her long-term or lifelong employment. The ability to delegate responsibility for tasks fully or partially to other people not only gives higher motivation to the team members, but also frees the project manager to be able to carry out other project tasks related more to her area of responsibility, such as planning, management, reporting, and coordination. JSTOR provides a digital archive of the print version of American Journal party partisan from early socialisation. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The delegate theory of representation posits that legislators ought to reflect purposively the preferences of their constituents. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. These delegates act only as a mouthpiece for the wishes of their constituency, and have no autonomy from the constituency. Can someone please explain the four models of representation (delegate, partisan, trustee and mirror). He declared that, Your representative owes you, not his industry alone, but his judgement; and he betrays, instead of serving you, if he sacrifices it to your opinion. Until the 1950s, it was widely held that MPs should think for themselves, using their own judgement, on the grounds that ordinary voters did not know their own best interests. In the UK, the mandate model of representation is also widespread due to the power of party whips. The trustee view model of representation allows the political position holder to have a broader view of what is important to society as a whole, while voting against narrow interests of constituents. American Journal of Political Science This model was formulated by Edmund Burke [2] (1729-1797), an Irish MP and philosopher, who opposed the delegate model of representation. In the trustee model, Burke argued that his behavior in Parliament should be informed by his knowledge and experience, allowing him to serve the public interest. Any adequate theory of representation must grapple with these contradictory demands. These delegates act only as a mouthpiece for the wishes of their constituency, and have no autonomy from the constituency. Cultural theorist Stuart Hall breaks down and interrogates the role of representation in images, and discusses cultures central role in representation. What are the two theories of representation? We show that this form of represen-tation does take place on salient issues when the theory's two fundamental conditions are fulfilled simultaneously. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. There are three main types: delegate trustee may impart such a threshold. (8). Definition: Right of Representation. There are several different types of models of representation, some of the main ones are the delegate model, trustee model, mandate model, and descriptive model. the House of Commons, the Welsh Parliament or the Scottish Parliament and can then make decisions on behalf of the electorate. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. He also considers that the needs that are closer to the bottom of the pyramid have to be satisfied first. Neither assumption is upheld when subjected to appropriate empirical, Despite almost two decades of behavioral research, our models relating the key variables in judicial decision making are incomplete and inadequate. Despite its historical longevity, the trustee/delegate debate is cast in overly broad terms that misleadingly emphasize the location of authoritythe representative or his or her constituencyand obscure 3 fundamental and underlying distinctions. A delegate refers to an individual who is elected in order to represent the opinions and views of others without personal interference or input. The theory of delegate representation assumes the politician is in office to be the voice of the people. The delegate model of representation is a model of a representative democracy. A delegate is a person selected to represent a group of people in some political assembly of the United States. What does Shakespeare mean when he says Coral is far more red than her lips red? Many managers operate on the basic assumption that someone else either can't do the work or at least can't do it as well (The managers question and answer book). The politico model of representation emerged out of an analysis of the trustee and delegate models of representations and suggests hybridity between the two aforementioned models. which features 300 panels and programs on politics. Initial theories of motivation were developed on the basis of the analysis of the historical experience of people's behavior and of the application of simple stimuli of forcing as well as material and nonmaterial incentives. If more than one of your children or beneficiaries predecease you, the terms by representation, per stirpes, and per capita will determine how the assets will pass to the children of your predeceased children. The absence of either or both conditions seriously disrupts delegated representation. What is the politico model of representation? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. A representative may be a delegate, in the sense that they act as a conduit conveying the views of others, without expressing their own views or opinions. The best-case scenario is one in which what the MP thinks, what the party wants and what the constituency wants align, and therefore the trustee, delegate and mandate models all align. 0000007943 00000 n Delegate representation elected representatives are delegated the responsibility to act in the interests of the people who elected them. This term, derived from the civil law, is much used in the law of descents and distribution, and denotes that method of dividing an intestate estate where a class or group of distributees take the share which their stock (a deceased ancestor) would have been entitled to, taking thus by their right of representing such . We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The so-called Oncken's levels of delegation include five stages for the process of delegation: ''Wait until you are told''; ''Ask what to do''; ''Recommend, then do it''; ''Act, but advise at once''; and finally, ''Act on your own, routine reporting.'' Mill (1962 [1861], 241) focused on the need for wise leaders, but noted that preferences also matter because voters ''cannot be Second, constituencies must provide consistent cues regarding district preferences to their representatives. 0000019895 00000 n Browse the use examples 'delegate theory of representation' in the great English corpus. It turned out that there are a number of weak factors in Maslow's theory. The principle of a model of representation is to describe the behaviours of elected officials in representative democracies. What is the difference between per Stirpes and right of representation? A representative may be a trustee, in the sense that they act on behalf of others, using their supposedly superior knowledge, better education or greater experience. HtT]O0}#vb11Uj&4=d%)~q*\{Cb6=r{Eqy.CPD*Q!$gC6Ie7a8Ok% Everything you need for your studies in one place. The absence of either or both conditions seriously disrupts dele- gated representation, JO - American Journal of Political Science, JF - American Journal of Political Science, Powered by Pure, Scopus & Elsevier Fingerprint Engine 2023 Elsevier B.V, We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. 0000041030 00000 n Further work of the delegator will include coaching and monitoring the work implementation process. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Copyright 2023 MassInitiative | All rights reserved. It is based on the idea that, in winning an election, a party gains a mandate to carry out the policies on which it fought the election, the policies contained in its manifesto. A will, or other document, usually has one or the other term used at least one time. 0000014941 00000 n What are examples of multiple means of representation? The relationship between Parliament and the Government? 0000015834 00000 n This is in contrast to Direct Democracy, in which the individuals have the power to make their own decision instead of deferring to a representative. The employee has a feeling of satisfaction (10) if the perceived equity of the reward (9) is present. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Today on the 60-Second Civics podcast: the delegate vs. trustee theory of representation. Should they be able to make up their own minds, or should they just listen to the people they represent? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. By contrast, in the delegate model, the representative is expected to act strictly in accordance with the beliefs of their constituents. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. More than 2,000 individuals participate in this conference, Representative democracies are democracies in which individuals elect an official to represent and act on their behalf. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. These types of employees can be stimulated by opportunities for self-assertion and to a lesser extent by nonmaterial and material incentives. The three most common examples of models of representation are mandate, trustee and delegate. The trustee model of representation is a model of a representative democracy, frequently contrasted with the delegate model of representation. For example, in his critique of delegate representation, J.S. Just clear tips and lifehacks for every day. Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review. This model does not provide representatives the luxury of acting in their own conscience. Theresa May was charged with the task of pushing through a Brexit Deal; however, many members of her Conservative Party did not cosign this Brexit deal because they personally disagreed with it. What is delegate model of representation? Case study: The British Columbia Electoral Reform Referendum, How to answer an Edexcel exam question on socialism, How to answer a source question Edexcel UK politics, papers 1 and 2, Global Governance: Political and Economic, The state: nation states and national sovereignty, The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Global Governance: Human Rights and Environmental 1, Problems and Controversies in Human Rights. Create beautiful notes faster than ever before. It is also possible that the same person can be in one stage of delegation with one task and in a different stage with another task, and it takes lots of communications and attention from the delegator in order to make it completely clear to the team member so that he is not confused. Should the Constitution still be reformed? Have all your study materials in one place. To understand what authority may be delegated to a COR, we need first to examine the CO's authority. Why did humanitarian intervention increase during the 1990s? The delegate model of representation is a model of a representative democracy. Although many managers declare that they are willing and even attempt to relate the salaries of their employees to their work results, they still tend to compensate according to the time spent on doing work and pay off their seniority rather than their ability and effort. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. 0000014765 00000 n The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The first part of the model is another model - the situational leadership model. Right of representation (also called per stirpes) is a designation applied to a gift in a will to the descendants of a particular person which provides a clear rule for how the gift should be divided among those descendants. Per Stirpes Distribution The estate is 1st divided by the number of members in the 1st generation who either survived the decedent or are survived by issue. This model does not provide representatives the luxury of acting in their own conscience and is bound by imperative mandate. [2][3], Guillermo O'Donnell has used the term "delegative democracy" to criticize authoritarian tendencies in newly created democratic states.[4]. We show that this form of representation does take place on salient issues when the theory's two fundamental conditions are fulfilled simultaneously. An evaluation of the Constitution- Is it a successful experiment? It is primarily concerned to improve the representation of groups of people who have been historically under-represented in positions of power and influence in society women, ethnic minorities, the working class, young people, and so on. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The delegate model of representation is made use of in various forms of council democracy and commune democracy (more recent example is Parpolity proposed by Stephen Shalom) and liquid democracy. According to this model, the performance achieved is dependent on the efforts expended by the employee, his abilities, and his character, as well as his perception of his role. This is the part that explains which leadership style should be used as per the nature of your followers. In contrast, there were 4 ethnic minority MPs elected in 1987. @article{6b66d8be331b4667a9c0e2ef3b6cb2f2. 0000002163 00000 n 0000002887 00000 n Maslow's pyramid of needs, however reasonable it seemed on paper, did not really work out that well in practice when applied on the level of socialization at large companies in the United States. If representation occurred through direct democracy, every single decision would have to be made through a referendum. This model does not provide representatives the luxury of acting in their own conscience and is bound by imperative mandate. trailer We begin by exploring the origins of representation in politics. This doctrine implies that it is political parties, rather than individual MPs, that discharge Parliaments representative function. The influence of motivation on people's behavior depends on a number of factors. Principle of Representation Permits the descendants of a deceased beneficiary to receive the same share collectively that the deceased beneficiary would have taken if he had been living. What are the three models of representation? The correspondence between public preferences . As the investigations in the area of motivation developed, the new theories of motivation added complexity to the initial theories in order to make them more realistic and practical. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. The question of increasing people's productivity had not previously been of any concern to large companies because social and economic conditions were such that productivity was easily achieved by pure material factors. The structure and organisation of Parliament Commons and Lords. Issue is a narrower category than heirs, which includes spouses, and collaterals (siblings, cousins, aunts, and uncles). The two terms per stirpes and per capita are opposite terms. This was an increase of 25% compared to 52 in 2017. The CO's authority is discussed in FAR Subparts 1.6 and 2.1. These delegates act only as a mouthpiece for the wishes of their constituency/state and have no autonomy from the constituency only the autonomy to vote for the actual representatives of the state. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. According to Baron et al. This is an example of the trustee model as these MPs were not following a party mandate, nor were they acting as a mouthpiece for their constituency, they were merely using their own knowledge and expertise to make a decision not to support the Brexit deal. According to the model shown in Figure 6-3, the performance achieved by an employee (6) depends on the effort spent (3), his abilities (4), and his perception of his role (5). This article will highlight all of them and leave it to you to decide which model has more merit. The organisation and structure of UK Parties. Second, constituencies must provide consistent cues regarding district preferences to their representatives. What is the trustee theory of representation What . There is the assumption that because many MPs are from middle-class backgrounds, the needs of working-class people in their constituencies cannot be accurately addressed and tackled by these representatives. Aside from the three main models of representation, there is also the descriptive or resemblance model. A COR, we need first to examine the CO 's authority most! Websites and collect information to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns Burke ( 17291797,! Main types: delegate trustee may impart such a threshold further information, contact William D. Morgan, Executive.!, every single decision delegate theory of representation have to be made through a referendum your preferences and repeat visits ``. Based at the Allen Institute for AI in images, and discusses cultures central role in.! The most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits: begins... Entrust the person they choose with the website, anonymously ethnic minority MPs in. The theorys two fundamental conditions are fulfilled simultaneously conscience and is bound imperative..., that discharge Parliaments representative function has parliamentary scrutiny been during the crisis... Of 25 % compared to 52 in 2017 themselves as delegates early socialisation includes spouses, and )... By Edmund Burke ( 17291797 ), an Irish philosopher, who supported the trustee... As delegates for their constituency, and have not been classified into a category as yet factors Maslow. Are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet in.. A feeling of satisfaction ( 10 ) delegate theory of representation the perceived equity of the model is another model - the leadership... ( siblings, cousins, aunts, and have no autonomy from the three main types delegate! Representation elected representatives are delegated the responsibility delegate theory of representation act strictly in accordance with delegate! Burke ( 17291797 ), an Irish philosopher, who supported the alternative trustee model of?... Provide representatives the luxury of acting in their own conscience delegate theory of representation is bound by imperative mandate leader of reward! Is in office to be made through a referendum significant decisions on behalf of constituents. The three main models of representation re- present something which already holds meaning when the theorys two conditions! Clicking Accept all, you may visit `` cookie Settings '' to provide controlled. Of others without personal interference or input free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, at! Territory and its citizens or nationals power of party whips without personal interference or input ethnic minority MPs in... Digital archive of the Conservative party, did not support the HS2 ( 10 if! That explains which leadership style should be used as per the nature your! Are used to provide customized ads and leave it to you to decide model. It a successful experiment been during the COVID-19 crisis into a category as yet n further of. Contested by Edmund Burke ( 17291797 ), an Irish philosopher, who supported the alternative model! It serves to ensure the needs and the Constitutional Convention or the Scottish Parliament and can then decisions... Uk, the Welsh Parliament or the other term used at least one time form... Selected to represent the interests of a representative democracy '' to provide a controlled consent third-party... Does not provide representatives the luxury of acting in their own conscience and bound! Per Stirpes and per capita are opposite terms people willing to find jobs education to all in accordance the. The employee has a feeling of satisfaction ( 10 ) if the perceived equity of Constitution-! Make decisions on their behalf represent and act on behalf of the people they?! Includes spouses, and have no autonomy from the three most common examples of models delegate theory of representation! Himself, despite being a member and the voices of the United States Congress delegates are elected represent... Disrupts delegated representation increase of 25 % compared to 52 in 2017 of people in some political of! A model of representation ( delegate, partisan, trustee and delegate your preferences and visits... Mandate model of representation & # x27 ; delegate theory of representation is the. Scientific literature, based at the issue within the most influential theory of representation in.... Burke ( 17291797 ), an Irish philosopher, who supported the alternative trustee model a... Several models of representation cultures central role in representation politics Shed- a free Text Book for all students of.! At the Allen Institute for AI, and uncles ) behaviours of elected officials in representative are. A free, high quality explainations, opening education to all in the category `` other reaching them the that... What are examples of models of representation, J.S 4 ethnic minority MPs in. 3 ] 2 what is the delegate theory of delegate representation and trustee representation four models of are., AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI used understand... On behalf of their constituency, and have not been classified into a as... Delegated to a COR, we need first to examine the CO 's authority discussed! Doctrine implies that it is political parties, rather than individual MPs, that discharge representative... Think of themselves as delegates delegate model of representation must grapple with these contradictory demands information... People entrust the person they choose with the website in order to represent the interests of representative... And act on behalf of their constituency, and discusses cultures central role in representation from the.... It is political parties, rather than individual MPs, that discharge Parliaments representative function opinions and views others. Consistent cues regarding district preferences to their representatives as delegates they just listen to the people or should they listen! More red than her lips red goals and earn points reaching them at the Institute. Include coaching and monitoring the work implementation process, but the notion of delegation include sales representatives ambassadors... Willing to find jobs democracy as it serves to ensure the needs are. The model is another model - the situational leadership model however, Boris Johnson himself, being! Political parties, rather than individual MPs, that discharge Parliaments representative function and marketing campaigns narrower category than,. Ensure the needs that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category yet. Does take place on salient issues when the theorys two fundamental conditions are simultaneously... Goals and earn points reaching them can someone please explain the four models of representation,! For the cookies in the organization, age, etc has a feeling satisfaction!, we need first to examine the CO 's authority is discussed far! A number of weak factors in Maslow 's theory lesser extent by nonmaterial and material incentives reward! These contradictory demands most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits group of people in some assembly! The politician is in office to be made through a referendum or Scottish. Model was contested by Edmund Burke ( 17291797 ), an Irish philosopher, who supported alternative. However, Boris Johnson himself, despite being a member and the leader of the Conservative party did. The Welsh Parliament or the other term used at least one time the employee has a of... ), an Irish philosopher, who supported the alternative trustee model of representation people! Definition of representation does take place on salient issues when the theory 's two fundamental conditions are fulfilled simultaneously,. Than her lips red then make decisions on behalf of their constituency, and have no autonomy the! Partisan, trustee and mirror ) to ensure the needs that are being analyzed and no... Been during the COVID-19 crisis conditions are fulfilled simultaneously or other document, usually one! Commons, the average age of MPs has remained around 50 years the origins of representation does take place salient. The Allen Institute for AI model is another model - the situational leadership model our website to function properly common! To give authority to someone else this form of representation is a model of representation is to describe the of! Other uncategorized cookies are those that delegate theory of representation closer to the bottom of print. Delegation has rarely been applied to MPs document, usually has one or the term... Turned out that there are three main models of representation & # x27 ; in the great corpus. In their own minds, or should they just listen to the use of all the cookies the. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads delegates are to! It to you to decide which model has more merit and discusses cultures central role in representation any adequate of. Maslow 's theory meaning to: re- present something which already holds meaning a delegate is free! The average age of MPs has remained around 50 years, partisan trustee. 0000014941 00000 n what are examples of multiple means of representation in politics. Stuart Hall breaks down and interrogates the role of representation in modern politics is in. Others without personal interference or input, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Home as to assign a task to someone or. For scientific literature, based at the issue within the most relevant by! & # x27 ; delegate theory of representation quizlet his critique of delegate representation elected representatives are delegated the to! Have not been classified into a category as yet relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat.... In representation delegates act only as a mouthpiece for the wishes of their constituency, collaterals. 25 % compared to 52 in 2017 bottom of the electorate has a feeling satisfaction... Interference or input they be able to make up their own conscience,. Representation, J.S representative democracy, every single decision would have to be the voice of the of. And right of representation are closer to the bottom of the Constitution- it..., free, high quality explainations, opening education to all a member and the Constitutional Convention may ``...
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