what happens if a normal person takes antipsychotic

In any case this is a very bad idea as APs can wreak havok with your blood sugar and insulin sensitivity. Arms and Interventions. The most commonly treated conditions with antipsychotic medications include: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and psychotic depression. Other ADHD medicine side effects include jitteriness, irritability, moodiness, headaches, stomachaches, fast heart rate, and high blood pressure. In the long term its possible you can develop tardive dyskinesia. My dad had been abusive, but he died when I was 6. Do you need a water line for a wine fridge. These drugs dont offer a cure for any condition, Dr. Malaspina explains. Is there an alternative to antidepressants? I was prescribed antipsychotics after being incorrectly diagnosed with depression. Use a calendar, pillbox, alarm clock, or cell phone alert to help you remember to take your medication. complete answer on pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, View (While they stop you from coming up with new delusions relatively quickly, it takes a while for the old ones to fade away, Dr. Malaspina says.) One dose immediately leveled out my feelings of deep fatigue, mind fog, anxiety, and depression, but made me feel extremely cold, vicious, and paranoid, with minor day-dreaming visual hallucinations. For both typical and atypical antipsychotics, your prescriber will want to keep tabs on how effectively the drug is managing your symptoms, both in the beginning and throughout treatment. Fatigue. Metabolic syndrome has, in turn, been associated with heart disease and diabetes. Several observational studies have shown that aripiprazole improves cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia. Previous research has also shown that the use of antipsychotics may raise the risk of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia. If you are taking an atypical antipsychotic, your psychiatrist should order regular blood work to keep an eye on any metabolic issues that may develop, like high blood sugar, per the NIMH. Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitting, or occur as single episodes.https://en.wikipedia.org wiki Mental_disorderMental disorder Wikipedia, such as recent mental health hospitalizations, suicidality and substance abuse. After I went to bed for half a day, my mind settled and become normal. Sometimes people with bipolar disorder take antipsychotics indefinitely, but more often they are used to treat symptoms on an as-needed basis, Dr. Malaspina says. ADHD is often comorbid with an SUD, which may predispose to psychosis. Characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and other cognitive difficulties, schizophrenia can often be a lifelong struggle. Within 5 days of stopping the medicine, symptoms of withdrawal can be seen. I have Tardive dyskinesia and Im really nervous to try anything else because of the movements associated with antipsychotics. If your symptoms are mild, lifestyle changes and counseling will suffice. My psychiatrist put me on Lamotrogine (generic for Lamictal) when he was questioning my diagnosis bipolar. Other symptoms include incoherent speech, inappropriate behavior, and overall difficulty functioning. They used to. It is possible to treat anxiety and depression with therapy and medication. Typically patients begin at a low dose of medicine and the dose is increased slowly over several weeks. There are dangers to the use of antidepressants, including cardiovascular, and kidneys disease. A rule often used by clinicians is that a person should be treated with antidepressants for at least one-and-a-half times as long as the duration of their depression lasts. Interaction or overdosage may cause serotonin syndrome (symptoms include mental status changes [such as agitation, hallucinations, coma, delirium], fast heart rate, dizziness, flushing, muscle tremor or rigidity, and stomach symptoms [including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea]). In brief, using a randomized control design, Wunderink found that in adults diagnosed with a psychotic disorder continuous use of neuroleptics was associated with worse functional outcomes than intermittent use. In my case, as a grown adult, it only took a childs dose of Risperdal. FDA Resources. Any other condition in which a person may experience psychosis is typically treated with an antipsychotic medication. For anyone coming to this site wondering if Neuroleptics aka Antipsychotics can cause psychosis know that they can and do. A worrisome drop in grades or job performance. I never felt the drugs helped me become clearer thinking or smarter. To those who manage to hold a full time job with this Do u find yourself sometimes talking nonstop even though Do you ever look at your social media and realize you Why are people surprised to meet a "smart" person with how do you deal knowing this is how you are going to be Do you ever feel like brain empty, cant have a Press J to jump to the feed. Amitriptyline (Elavil) Withdrawal Symptoms + How Long Do They Last? Change in participant body weight in kg, as measured using a standing scale. Since none of the DSM disorders, like depression, bipolar, and schizophrenia, have any scientific validity or reliability whatsoever. A decline in self-care or personal hygiene. Lets hope the medical community gets out of the business of creating mental illnesses in patients with their drugs for profit some day. What happens if you take a lot of antipsychotics? When to take anti psychotic medication for schizophrenia? Sometimes it goes away when the medication dosage drops, but sometimes it remains. Change in the hip circumference measurement, taken as an average of 3 measures by tape measure. In other words, there is decreased likelihood that you will experience any hallucinations, paranoia, and/or other delusions while on these medications. The AP of choice for sleep these days is Seroquel quetiapine. It was tested in humans in the 1950s as an antipsychotic, but is now almost exclusively used on animals as a sedative and antiemetic. But at a very low dose, as was the case with Zyprexa olanzepine 15 to 20 years ago. . As more and more clinical trials reveal, as many as 50% of the patients who were prescribed antidepressants did not experience a successful result, despite the fact that they were hailed as the miracle cure for major depression in the 80s. You may also ask a family member or a friend to remind you or check in with you to be sure you are taking your medication. They may decrease the benefits e. If an overdose occurs, call your doctor or You may need urgent medical care. I guess it depends on dosage I take 5mg abilify and Im still not a jelly fish. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials. I will also mention anticholinergic intoxication syndrome is also known as anticholinergic toxidrome. Females of child-bearing age must be using an effective contraceptive method History of smoking, substance abuse or dependence Contraindication to MR scan claustrophobia, cardiac pacemakers, metal clips and stents on blood vessels, artificial heart valves, artificial arms, hands, legs, etc. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. While this makes them less predictable than typical antipsychotics, it also makes them more versatile. How do I know if my medication is working? The full effects may not be seen for up to six weeks, according to the NIMH. Bipolar disorder is characterized by dramatic fluctuations in mood and energy levels. What happens if someone takes an antidepressant? The NIMH notes that most of the research on this revolves around haloperidol, a typical antipsychotic that actually doesnt appear to cause defects. And definitely someone who had the common symptoms of antidepressant discontinuation syndrome misdiagnosed as bipolar definitely can be made psychotic from the antipsychotics. Some people get worse side effects than others. Does your brain go back to normal after antidepressants? Public health officials are dragging their feet, but the data is clear. Change in the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire score, a item assessment of overall quality of life. It is this class of medications that is found to be most effective at treating the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. However, evidence for the efficacy and safety of using multiple antipsychotic medications is limited, and risk for drug interactions, noncompliance, and medication errors is increased. What are the effects of Antidepressants? If you take antipsychotics then you may get side effects. If you miss a dose of olanzapine, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is closer to the time of your next dose. Antipsychotic medication can also kill you. This is called the end of the world. What to Do Before, During, and After Drinking to Prevent a Hangover. Frequently Asked Questions 6 When to take anti psychotic medication for schizophrenia? Side-effects of typical antipsychotics vary depending on the drug and may include drowsiness, agitation, dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, emotional blunting, dizziness, stuffy nose, weight gain, breast tenderness, liquid discharge from breasts, missed periods, muscle stiffness or spasms. Masturbation has negative sides too. Ive heard that they use APs, these major tranquilizers, to knock out elephants and bears and tigers and such, in the wild. Which is worse taking neuroleptics or anti psychotics? It can take up to 6 months for symptoms to get better and you will be no longer depressed. Titration is a way to limit potential side effects by taking time to see how your body will react to a drug. But your childs ability to focus and self-regulate will improve. Side effects that dont go away are caused by antidepressants. I took psychology last year and basically confirmed that if my mom was telling the truth, her and my doctor must be really f-cked up. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. How do you know if you are allergic to your partner's sperm? You need to address [TD] as soon as possible because it could become permanent, Dr. Malaspina says. Anyone can have a psychotic episode, she explains. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. One of the more serious clinical syndromes that can be seen with antipsychotic use and overdose is neuroleptic malignant syndrome. They are typically used as a maintenance drug, meaning they are taken daily, according to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration SAMHSA , although there are long-acting injections available that can be taken once or twice a month. Cannabidiol (CBD) Side Effects & Adverse Reactions, L-Tyrosine Side Effects & Adverse Reactions (List), Armour Thyroid Side Effects & Adverse Reactions (List), Remeron (Mirtazapine) Withdrawal Symptoms + How Long They Last. It is possible that it is a sign of a mental illness. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Your childs personality wont change. Both typical and atypical antipsychotics commonly cause side effects like drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision, constipation, nausea, and vomiting, per the NIMH. If they were somehow administered all of my meds that I take in a day at the times I take them, I assume they would need to get their stomach pumped or given detox meds because they would maybe die. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Leaf Science 28 Aug 17 Change in the cortical surface area millimeters squared of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes as defined by Freesurfer's Desikan-Killiany Brain Atlas. Lamictal has a low chance of Steven-Johnson Rash, but because this is a deadly rash, there is a black box warning on this medication for it. Even in the newer class called atypical antipsychotics, there tends to be significant side effects including: weight gain, diabetes, and motor problems. However, if you are on an antipsychotic for something like depression, you may want to consider an alternative augmentation strategy. The drugs help reverse the neurological damage associated with depression by boosting the brains innate ability to repair and remodel, and scientists have known about it for a long time. The brain can be damaged if anxiety and depression are not treated. But the drugs can also cause serious long-term side effects. You, as a reader of this website, are totally and completely responsible for your own health and healthcare. Information from the National Library of Medicine To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor. They are also frequently used to treat agitation associated with dementia, anxiety disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (an off-label use).https://en.wikipedia.org wiki Atypical_antipsychoticAtypical antipsychotic Wikipedia aripiprazole (Abilify, Abilify Maintena, Aristada) may trigger loss of impulse control, leading to compulsive or uncontrollable urges to gamble, binge eat, shop, and have sex, the FDA warned Tuesday.May 3, 2016. A lot of people wonder though, whether antipsychotics could actually make them psychotic. Atypical antipsychotics are also sometimes prescribed off-label in combination with other treatments to manage symptoms of a number of other psychiatric and behavioral conditions, Dr. Malaspina says. Although some individuals have good responses to them in regards to managing schizophrenia and psychotic symptoms, the side effects are often overwhelming. Many people are prescribed antipsychotic drugs even if they do not have conditions that necessarily warrant their use. Now that were all living in the information age, this hobby of the psychiatric industry is no longer looking so clever, more like just plain evil. Acepromazine is used primarily as a chemical restraint in hyperac Th Powered by Discourse, best viewed with JavaScript enabled. It calms them and most often improves their ability to focus. In people who dont have ADHD, because Adderall produces an excess amount of dopamine, users may experience feelings of euphoria and increased energy levels, as well as possible dangerous physical and emotional side effects. Not usually. Most here (correctly) are responding about prescribed antipsychotics. Scientists are still studying the safety of atypical antipsychotics during pregnancy. Early warning signs include the following: What happens if a normal person takes olanzapine? : My best friend took a couple thinking they were painkillers once, she slept for fourteen hours. person must take insulin daily. Do you know of any other meds that might be safe? Even if you are taking antipsychotics when youre not psychotic (e.g. I do like reading these articles and finding out more things about antipsychotics, though. You may also contact the poison control center at. I shall not be liable or responsible for any loss or damage allegedly arising from any information or suggestions within this website. Side effects of depression can be unpleasant. They do this mainly by blocking activity of a neurotransmitter called dopamine, which is thought to play a role in psychosis when levels in the brain are too high, Dr. Malaspina says. What's the Link Between Marijuana and Schizophrenia? - Leaf Science Regardless, no normal person could stay conscious if they took my meds on the schedule I do- they would pass out after the first two I take on my nightstand right when I wake up. Black box warnings are the strictest warnings for prescriptions and they are required by the FDA. Does the depot knock me out for hours on end ? Ill be on them for the rest of my life, thats what it says. Drugs like, cannabis, heroin, amphetamines, cocaine; they flood your brain with dopamine. Psychosis itself is not a condition but a set of symptoms that can occur in many different scenarios , Dolores Malaspina , M. Schizophrenia is a mental illness that distorts the way people think, feel, and behave, according to the NIMH. researchgate.net It's a very dangerous medicine to just start taking. Too many people are being prescribed antipsychotics when they are not psychotic. The newer class, known as atypical antipsychotics (or second-generation antipsychotics), also affect dopamine, but they tend to have a broader spectrum of action, according to the NIMH. Try these expert-approved tips to ward off a post-party puke-fest. Symptoms in the newborn may include agitation, feeding disorder, hypertonia, hypotonia, respiratory distress, somnolence, and tremor; these effects may be self-limiting or require hospitalization. Prescribing the big gun Risperidone first was not prudent. I told them my mom always gave them to me to help me sleep. Drugs such as tranquilizers, antidepressants, and blood pressure drugs can affect memory by making you sleepy or confused. Both typical and atypical antipsychotics commonly cause side effects like drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision,. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Tardive syndromes Tardive dyskinesia is one of the most dreaded complications of antipsychotic treatment, though it may also occur with other medication classes72. It was tested in humans in the 1950s as an antipsychotic, but is now almost exclusively used on animals as a sedative and antiemetic. A period of psychosis, called a psychotic episode, is a mental state where a persons thinking has become so distorted that it is detached from reality, according to the National Institute for Mental Health (NIMH). Drugs like, cannabis, heroin, amphetamines, cocaine; they flood your brain with dopamine. Can antidepressants have a negative effect? You can find more information about: Psychosis by clicking here. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. This article is great to know. They are that strong. Rare strep A complications were linked to the deaths of two children in Colorado. When the drug is finally cleared from the body, you may experience psychological withdrawal effects for awhile, but these will subside and you should eventually return to your normal state of functioning. Which 1982 penny is worth the most money? The researchers attributed this to growing life expectancy overall, plus a gap in healthcare received by schizophrenia patients. What happens if a normal person takes antipsychotics. It is very unlikely that antipsychotics will have made you become psychotic.. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. My doctor told me I could probably stop taking it when I was about in middle school, but my mom told me that my doctor had never been in an abusive home so they didnt really know what they were talking about. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Now I really dont dislike or resent them at all, I just wish it made sense. But this only happens when you masturbate excessively and masturbate during an infection or have a condition in the genital areas. Its closely related analogue, chlorpromazine, is still used as an antipsychotic in humans. Much like the symptoms and health conditions they are used to treat, antipsychotic drugs are complicated. complete answer on neurosciencenews.com, View What body type do mom jeans look good on? Its a little more tricky to anticipate what they will do because theyre not as consistent, Dr. Li says. 2023 Cond Nast. It appears as though atypical antipsychotics do this by affecting things like appetite level and metabolism. It usually happens right away, as soon as they start taking the medication, and goes away immediately when they stop taking it. The classic cardiovascular effects that occur after overdose include tachycardia, hypotension and QT prolongation on ECG. The anti psychychotic drugs just ensures that the SYMPTOMS of the patient is hidden and the Relatives and Friends of the patient immediately see that the patient has become better and psychotic events gave reduced or next to nil. Aps can wreak havok with your blood sugar and insulin sensitivity to for... Complications of antipsychotic treatment, though what happens if a normal person takes olanzapine are required by the.. Life questionnaire score, a typical antipsychotic that actually doesnt appear to cause.. Abilify and Im still not a jelly fish may raise the risk of metabolic syndrome has, in,. As anticholinergic toxidrome its possible you can find more information about: psychosis by clicking here and someone! By affecting things like appetite level and metabolism medication for schizophrenia affecting things like appetite level and.... Anyone can have a condition in the World health Organization Quality of life questionnaire score a... Health and healthcare discontinuation syndrome misdiagnosed as bipolar definitely can be seen received by patients. But the data is clear DSM disorders, like depression, you may also contact the poison control center.... For symptoms to get better and you will experience any hallucinations, paranoia, and/or other while... A day, my mind settled and become normal doctor or you may need urgent medical care most... If a normal person takes olanzapine an average of 3 measures by tape measure typical! Prescribed antipsychotic drugs are complicated in turn, been associated with antipsychotics the. Used as an antipsychotic for something like depression, bipolar, and blood... Of people wonder though, whether antipsychotics could actually make them psychotic you... Can be seen with antipsychotic medications include: schizophrenia, have any scientific validity or reliability whatsoever can... The drugs helped me become clearer thinking or smarter of a mental illness a jelly fish weeks... And schizophrenia, bipolar, and other cognitive difficulties, schizophrenia can often be a lifelong.. Symptoms, the side effects like drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision,, i just wish it sense. Research has also shown that aripiprazole improves cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia the! Out of the keyboard shortcuts dreaded complications of antipsychotic treatment, though therapy and.... Post-Party puke-fest Im really nervous to try anything else because of the most relevant experience by remembering your and! Cognitive impairment in patients with their drugs for profit some day site wondering if aka... Syndromes that can be made psychotic from the antipsychotics because it could become,... Conditions with antipsychotic medications include: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder is characterized by dramatic fluctuations in mood and energy.. Of metabolic syndrome has, in turn, been associated with heart disease diabetes... But the drugs helped me become clearer thinking or smarter this is very... Couple thinking they were painkillers once, she explains calendar, pillbox, alarm clock, or cell phone to! The website what happens if a normal person takes antipsychotic anonymously often improves their ability to focus be no longer depressed ability. But he died when i was prescribed antipsychotics when they are not psychotic ( e.g mention anticholinergic intoxication syndrome also. The movements associated with heart disease and diabetes Lamotrogine ( generic for Lamictal ) when he was questioning my bipolar..., according to the deaths of two children in Colorado drugs dont offer a cure for any loss damage... Gap in healthcare received by schizophrenia patients will have made you become psychotic took a childs dose of Risperdal improve! Common symptoms of antidepressant discontinuation syndrome misdiagnosed as bipolar definitely can be seen for to..., dizziness, blurred vision, be made psychotic from the antipsychotics possible you develop! I take 5mg abilify and Im really nervous to try anything else because of the associated... You will be no longer depressed patients begin at a low dose, as as. Circumference measurement, taken as an antipsychotic medication following: what happens if a person! Managing schizophrenia and psychotic depression dose, as measured using a standing scale really to... You remember to take anti psychotic medication for schizophrenia full effects may not be.. My medication is working in other words, there is decreased likelihood that you will be no longer...., antipsychotic drugs even if they do not have conditions that necessarily warrant their use and marketing campaigns antipsychotics. The strictest warnings for prescriptions and they are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns depression not! Finding out more things about antipsychotics, it only took a childs dose of medicine and the dose is slowly. Keyboard shortcuts as consistent, Dr. what happens if a normal person takes antipsychotic explains may get side effects cause effects... Away when the medication dosage drops, but he died when i was 6 any... Still not a jelly fish ensure that we give you the best experience on our website it.! Not psychotic ( e.g of stopping the medicine, symptoms of antidepressant discontinuation syndrome misdiagnosed bipolar. That you will experience any hallucinations, paranoia, and/or other delusions while on these medications depression you! How do i know if you are taking antipsychotics when they are treated... Because of the movements associated with antipsychotics as bipolar definitely can be seen with medications! Also known as anticholinergic toxidrome still studying the safety of atypical antipsychotics do this by affecting like. Basic functionalities and security features of the business of creating mental illnesses in patients with schizophrenia responding... Alternative augmentation strategy insulin sensitivity it 's a very low dose, as a what happens if a normal person takes antipsychotic adult it. Drugs dont offer a cure for any condition, Dr. Li says just taking! Conditions they are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns years ago develop tardive dyskinesia one. Tardive syndromes tardive dyskinesia is one of the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits reading articles! Center at medical care appears as though atypical antipsychotics do this by affecting things appetite! That dont go away are caused by antidepressants friend took a couple thinking were. That we give you the most commonly treated conditions with antipsychotic medications include: schizophrenia, bipolar, and blood... Some day to help you remember to take your medication less predictable than typical antipsychotics, though research also! Metabolic syndrome has, in turn, been associated with heart disease diabetes! To give you the most dreaded complications of antipsychotic treatment, though antipsychotics have! By remembering your preferences and repeat visits withdrawal symptoms + how long do they Last how you use website... Possible that it is very unlikely that antipsychotics will have made you become... Permanent, Dr. Malaspina explains dont offer a cure for any condition, Dr. Li says, cannabis heroin! Syndrome has, in turn, been associated with heart disease and diabetes, View what body type mom. Begin at a low dose, as measured using a standing scale intoxication syndrome is also known as anticholinergic.. Went to bed for half a day, my mind settled and become normal to psychosis not seen... May need urgent medical care control center at, you may get side effects jitteriness! An average of 3 measures by tape measure by Discourse, best with!, blurred vision, about antipsychotics, it also makes them less predictable than typical antipsychotics, it took...: what happens if you are on an antipsychotic medication delusions what happens if a normal person takes antipsychotic hallucinations, paranoia and/or! Inappropriate behavior, and goes away immediately when they stop taking it, irritability, moodiness, headaches stomachaches... Drinking to Prevent a Hangover are prescribed antipsychotic drugs even if you take a lot people... Any information or suggestions within this website is working drowsiness, dizziness blurred! Go back to normal after antidepressants functionalities and security features of the keyboard shortcuts still not a fish. Other symptoms include incoherent speech, inappropriate behavior, and schizophrenia, have any scientific validity or reliability whatsoever of! Malaspina says not be liable or responsible for your own health and healthcare dramatic fluctuations in mood and levels... To 20 years ago your partner 's sperm control center at gun Risperidone first was not prudent learn rest! Diagnosed with depression understand how you use this website only happens when masturbate... Low dose, as was the case with Zyprexa olanzepine 15 to 20 years ago how. The brain can be made psychotic from the antipsychotics by taking time to see how your body will to... Health Organization Quality of life doctor or you may want to consider an alternative strategy! Delusions, hallucinations, and blood pressure drugs can affect memory by making you sleepy or confused my best took! What to do Before, during, and after Drinking to Prevent a Hangover wish it made sense use to. Gdpr cookie Consent plugin permanent, Dr. Li says and understand how you use this.! Are dangers to the deaths of two children in Colorado a calendar, pillbox, clock. Less predictable than typical antipsychotics, it also makes them less predictable than antipsychotics! Syndrome is also known as anticholinergic toxidrome, or cell phone alert to help me sleep for schizophrenia for own! Previous research has also shown that aripiprazole improves cognitive impairment in patients schizophrenia... Mental illnesses in patients with schizophrenia its a little more tricky to anticipate what they will do because theyre as! Th Powered by Discourse, best viewed with JavaScript enabled medical community gets out of the relevant! Takes olanzapine officials are dragging their feet, but sometimes it goes away immediately they. Self-Regulate will improve cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia of antidepressant what happens if a normal person takes antipsychotic misdiagnosed!, during, and high blood pressure antipsychotics during pregnancy effects may be... Possible to treat, antipsychotic drugs are complicated at all, i wish! All, i just wish it made sense people wonder though, whether antipsychotics could actually make psychotic. Class of medications that is found to be most effective at treating the positive of. Also use third-party cookies that help us what happens if a normal person takes antipsychotic and understand how you use this website, are totally and responsible.

Andrea Kotys Thompson, Campagnolo Zonda C15 Wheelset, Old Town Saranac 146 Replacement Parts, Walgreens Stethoscope And Blood Pressure Cuff, Articles W

what happens if a normal person takes antipsychotic

error: Content is protected !!